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PM Modi Pays Tribute to Santhal Freedom Fighters in Mann Ki Baat

PM Modi Pays Tribute to Santhal Freedom Fighters in Mann Ki Baat

03-07-2024

  1. Introduction

    1. In the 111th episode of Mann Ki Baat, Prime Minister Narendra Modi paid tribute to the sacrifices and bravery of the Santhal tribal community.
    2. This was his first address after assuming office for the third consecutive term.

  2. Hul Diwas: Commemoration of Santhal Rebellion

    1. The address coincided with the annual celebration of Hul Diwas on June 30.
    2. Hul Diwas commemorates the Santhal Hul (rebellion) of 1855 against British oppression.

  3. Significance of the Day:

    1. Modi emphasised the importance of June 30 for the tribal community, who celebrate the day as Hul Diwas.
    2. He highlighted the courage of tribal brothers Sido and Kanhu, who mobilised their community members to fight against foreign rule.

  4. Historical Context:

    1. Modi shed light on the historical context of the Santhal Hul, stating that Sido and Kanhu mobilised thousands of tribals from Jharkhand's Santhal Pargana to take up arms against British rulers in 1855.
    2. He acknowledged the atrocities committed by the British against the tribal community and the restrictions imposed upon them.

  5. Tribute to Tribal Martyrs:

    1. Modi praised the incredible bravery displayed by the tribal brothers who were martyred in their fight against oppression.
    2. He emphasised that their ultimate sacrifice continues to inspire the nation.

  6. Santhali Language Song Excerpt:

    1. Modi encouraged listeners to pay attention to an audio clip featuring an excerpt from a song in the Santhali language, dedicated to the tribal martyrs.

About Santhal Tribal Community in India:

  1. Introduction:

    1. The Santhals are the third largest scheduled tribe community in India, following the Gonds and Bhils.
    2. They are primarily concentrated in the eastern states of Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, and Odisha.

  2. Language:

    1. The Santhal community speaks Santhali, a dialect of Kherwari, which is a Munda (Austroasiatic) language.
    2. Santhali, written in the OI-Chiki script, is recognized as one of the scheduled languages in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution.

  3. History and Settlement:

    1. The Santhals were originally a nomadic community but eventually settled on the Chotanagpur plateau.
    2. By the end of the 18th century, they had concentrated in the Santhal Parganas of Jharkhand (previously Bihar) and later migrated to Odisha and West Bengal.

  4. Religion and Culture:

    1. The Santhals are nature worshippers and often pay respect at Jaher (sacred groves) in their villages.
    2. Their traditional dress includes dhotis and gamuchhas for men and short-check sarees, usually blue and green, for women, who often have tattoos.
    3. Various forms of marriage are accepted in Santhal society, including elopement, widow remarriage, levirate, and forced marriage (rare). Divorce is not considered taboo.

  5. Occupation:

    1. Most Santhals are agriculturists, relying on their farmlands or forests for sustenance.
    2. Seasonal forest collection is an important source of subsidiary income.
    3. Dance (enej) and music (sereng) are integral parts of Santhal life.
    4. Their homes, called Olah, feature a distinctive three-color pattern on the outer walls: black soil at the bottom, white in the middle, and red at the top.

  6. Santhal Rebellion (1855-56):

    1. The Santhal uprising, a notable event of revolt against the British Raj, took place in 1855 and 1857.
    2. It was India's first major peasant uprising, fueled by the implementation of the Permanent Land Settlement in 1793.
    3. The rebellion was led by Sido and Kanhu and covered regions of Bihar.

  7. Gonds: Largest Adivasi Community:

    1. The Gonds are the largest Adivasi community in India, with roots tracing back to the pre-Aryan era.
    2. They are a heterogeneous group spread over large areas from the Godavari gorges in the south to the Vindhya Mountains in the north, living in the states of Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, and Odisha.
    3. The majority of Gonds speak various mutually unintelligible dialects of Gondi.

 

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