Ans. The metaphor of the ‘Dragon-Elephant Tango’, coined by Chinese President Xi Jinping, symbolises the potential for peaceful co-existence and cooperation between China (Dragon) and India (Elephant)—two of the world’s oldest civilisations and largest emerging economies. Despite a complex and often tense relationship, this metaphor suggests a vision of harmony, mutual growth, and regional stability through constructive engagement.

Historical Context and Diplomatic Significance

India was the first non-socialist country to establish diplomatic ties with the People’s Republic of China in 1950.
The year 2025 marks the 75th anniversary of diplomatic relations, prompting both sides to revisit their shared history and future prospects.
On this occasion, both Presidents exchanged greetings, reiterating the need for deepened bilateral ties.

Core of the 'Dragon-Elephant Tango' Metaphor

Symbolism: The dragon and elephant are iconic representations of China and India, respectively. Their ‘tango’ signifies a coordinated and balanced approach to diplomacy, where both countries move together harmoniously despite differences.
Mutual Aspirations:
1. Both are ancient civilisations undergoing rapid modernisation.
2. Both are key voices of the Global South and share several global governance concerns.
3. They seek multipolarity, climate justice, and equitable development.

Pathways to Peaceful Cohabitation and Regional Stability

Diplomatic Engagement:
1. Continuous border dialogues and agreements to maintain peace along the Line of Actual Control (LAC).
2. Emphasis on restoring communication channels and confidence-building measures.
Reviving Bilateral Mechanisms:
1. Plans to resume people-to-people exchanges, including media, think-tank interaction, and the Kailash Mansarovar Yatra.
2. Restoration of direct flights and possible resumption of stalled economic dialogues.
Economic and Strategic Cooperation:
1. Potential to revive economic ties, improve trade balance, and enhance cross-border infrastructure projects.
2. Reaffirmation of shared goals in multilateral forums like BRICS, SCO, and G20, showcasing convergences on global issues.

Challenges and Divergences

Border Disputes: Continued tensions, especially since the Galwan clashes in 2020, pose a major challenge to trust-building.
Market Access and Investment: India seeks better access to the Chinese market and stricter scrutiny of Chinese investment.
Strategic Distrust: China’s ties with Pakistan and India’s engagements in the Indo-Pacific strategy affect mutual perceptions.

The 'Dragon-Elephant Tango' encapsulates an ideal of coexistence based on respect, dialogue, and mutual growth. While differences persist—especially on strategic and territorial fronts—the metaphor encourages both nations to engage constructively, leveraging their civilisational wisdom and economic potential for broader regional stability. As the 75th anniversary offers a moment for reflection and recalibration, sustained diplomatic efforts will be key to realising the vision behind this symbolic dance.

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