The controversy over eucalyptus planting in Kerala

The Kerala government recently authorized the Kerala Forest Development Corporation (KFDC) to cultivate eucalyptus trees in 2024-2025 as a means of generating revenue.

Introduction to Eucalyptus:

1. Botanical Description:

   1. Eucalyptus is a vast genus comprising over 660 species of shrubs and tall trees belonging to the myrtle family (Myrtaceae).
   2. Some eucalypti are among the world's tallest trees.
   3. Native to Australia, Tasmania, and neighboring islands.
   4. In Australia, eucalypti are commonly called gum trees or stringybark trees.
   5. Widely cultivated in various regions globally as shade trees or in forestry plantations.

2. Features:

   1. Eucalyptus trees have a distinctive gum-infused bark, long stems, and circular leaves that are difficult to digest when eaten whole.
   2. Small flowers in various colors, including white, yellow, and shades of red, grow on eucalyptus trees.
   3. Eucalypti also bear small woody capsules containing seeds.

3. Uses:

   1. Widely used for its medicinal properties.
   2. Some eucalyptus leaves contain a strongly scented oil.
   3. Eucalyptus oil, when diluted and applied topically, is effective in treating various common ailments.
   4. The main compound of eucalyptus oil is cineole (eucalyptol), along with flavonoids and tannins, which possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
   5. Known for its ability to relieve congestion and ease breathing during colds.
   6. Also used as a pain reliever for sore and overextended muscles.
   7. Excellent topical remedy for aching joints and rheumatism, as it helps improve blood circulation.
   8. Eucalyptus wood is tough and durable, used for building materials such as furniture and fences.

4. Eucalyptus Plantations in India:

   1. Eucalyptus tereticornis and Eucalyptus hybrid are the most extensively planted eucalypt species in India.
   2. Widely grown in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Haryana, Mysore, Kerala, and the Nilgiri Hills.
   3. Thrives in deep, fertile, well-drained loamy soil with adequate moisture.

What are Flavonoids?

1. Flavonoids are phytochemical compounds found in numerous plants, fruits, vegetables, and leaves, with potential applications in medicinal chemistry.
2. They possess a range of medicinal benefits, including anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties, as well as neuroprotective and cardio-protective effects.

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