Types of Diabetes: Now Including Type 5

At the International Diabetes Federation’s (IDF) World Diabetes Congress, a new form of diabetes has been officially recognized — Type 5 Diabetes, also known as malnutrition-related diabetes.

Type 5 Diabetes (J-type Diabetes)

1. Type 5 diabetes is closely linked to chronic undernutrition, especially during childhood or adolescence.
2. It is most often seen in individuals with low body weight or low Body Mass Index (BMI).
3. Unlike other types of diabetes, which are often associated with overnutrition or autoimmune factors, Type 5 stems from long-term malnutrition, affecting the body's ability to regulate blood sugar properly.

Other Recognized Types of Diabetes

1. Type 1 Diabetes

1. Caused by the autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.
2. As a result, the body cannot produce insulin, which is essential for controlling blood sugar levels.
3. It usually develops in childhood or early adulthood.

2. Type 2 Diabetes

1. Characterized by high blood sugar levels due to insulin resistance or the body's inability to produce enough insulin.
2. Often linked to obesity, overnutrition, and lack of physical activity.
3. It is the most common form of diabetes and typically develops in adults, though it is increasingly seen in younger people.

Gestational Diabetes

1. Occurs during pregnancy, when blood glucose levels rise due to hormonal changes and insulin resistance.
2. It can lead to health complications for both the mother and the baby, and may increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.