T-800 Carbon Fibre Project: Premature Closure & Indigenization Needs

The Public Accounts Committee (PAC) has highlighted concerns over the premature closure of India's T-800 carbon fibre project, initially aimed at reducing reliance on imports.

Background of the Project

1. Initiated in 2006: The Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the National Aerospace Laboratories (NAL) to develop an indigenous substitute for imported T-800 carbon fibre.
2. Reason for Selection: NAL had prior expertise in producing T-300 grade carbon fibre.
3. Project Closure: Delayed progress led to its termination in 2019, impacting India's self-reliance in high-performance composite materials.

About T-800 Carbon Fibre

1. High-Performance Composite Material:

   1. Used in launch vehicles, spacecraft fuel tanks, and the Gaganyaan mission.
   2. Consists of ultra-thin carbon strands (5-10 microns in diameter).
   3. Offers high tensile strength, lightweight structure, and excellent thermal resistance.

2. Why Indigenization is Crucial?

   1. Dual-use potential (both civilian and military applications) makes it subject to export restrictions.
   2. Geopolitical risks could hinder supply during critical missions.

3. Global Suppliers:

   1. Toray (Japan), Formosa (Taiwan), Hyosung (South Korea), and Hexcel (USA) are the dominant manufacturers.

Significance for India

1. Strengthening Atmanirbhar Bharat by reducing import dependence.
2. Enhancing India’s aerospace and defense capabilities by ensuring a stable supply of advanced materials.
3. Way Forward: Reviving domestic production efforts through enhanced R&D investments and strategic collaborations to meet India’s growing space and defense needs.

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