NEW QUBIT CIRCUITS

28-09-2023

Latest Context

Recently, a new qubit circuit enables quantum operations with higher accuracy.

To solve the quantum error, scientists developed a special coupling element between two fluxonium qubits.
Fluxonium is a relatively new type of superconducting qubit.
Compared to more widely utilised superconducting qubits, it has the potential to have a substantially longer lifespan.
Their design blocks undesirable background interactions that could erroneously affect quantum operations.
Quantum computers of today lack the stability required to implement such error correction at scales that are useful for business.

When a quantum computer outperforms a classical supercomputer on a well-defined computer science problem, this achievement is known as quantum supremacy.
Qubits are able to carry more information in superposition states.
A quantum computer can imitate many classical computers operating simultaneously due to quantum superposition.
Quantum computers have an advantage over classical computers in that they can conduct a disproportionately higher number of operations thanks to their ability to do multiple computations in parallel.
Sycamore, the name of Google's quantum computer, was said to have achieved "supremacy" by completing a task that would have taken a supercomputer 10,000 years to complete in 200 seconds.

Supercomputer is a class of extremely powerful computers. The term is frequently used to refer to the fastest high-performance systems at any given period.
Instead of million instructions per second (MIPS), the performance of a supercomputer is frequently expressed in floating-point operations per second (FLOPS).
Supercomputers that can perform above 1017 FLOPS (a hundred quadrillion FLOPS, 100 petaFLOPS, or 100 PFLOPS) have been around since 2017.
These are highly sizable classical computers, often with hundreds of cores of classical CPU and GPU powering advanced artificial intelligence and very sizable calculations.

Even supercomputers are binary code-based devices dependent on transistor technology from the 20th century. They have trouble resolving particular issues.
When traditional computers malfunction, it's frequently because of complex problems, which are issues where numerous variables interact in intricate ways.
On whatever scale, there are some complicated issues that we are unable to handle with conventional computers.
Quantum physics governs how things work in reality. Our best tools for comprehending it should often be computers that do calculations utilising the quantum states of quantum bits.

A quantum computer is a computer that takes advantage of quantum mechanical phenomena.
Quantum computers are devices that store data and carry out calculations using the principles of quantum physics.
This can be quite helpful for some tasks because they might accomplish them far better than our greatest supercomputers.
Information is stored on traditional computers, such as laptops and smartphones, in binary "bits" that can either be 0s or 1s.
The fundamental memory component of a quantum computer is a quantum bit, or qubit.
New discoveries in healthcare, energy, environmental systems, smart materials, and other fields are being sparked by quantum computing.

Just like a binary bit is the basic unit of information in classical computing, a qubit is the basic unit of information in quantum computing.

Qubits are represented by a superposition of multiple possible states.
A qubit combines two states linearly using the superposition phenomenon in quantum mechanics.
A traditional binary bit can only represent one binary value, such as 0 or 1, and can therefore only exist in one of two states.
However, a qubit can represent either a 0 or a 1, or any ratio of 0 to 1 in the superposition of both states, with a predetermined likelihood of being a 0 and a predetermined probability of being a 1.

Quantum entanglement may exhibit in multiple qubits.
A single system is formed by entangled qubits that always correlate with one another.
It is possible to determine the state of the other qubits without actually measuring it, even when they are infinitely far apart.
Any quantum computation needs entanglement, and a classical computer is incapable of performing it effectively.
Large-number factoring using the Shor algorithm and search-problem resolution using the Grover method are two examples of applications.

Superposition is a phenomenon in quantum computing that allows quantum objects to simultaneously exist in more than one state or location.
This implies that an object can exist in two states simultaneously and still be a single object.
Qubit entanglement and superposition probabilities are used by quantum computers to carry out operations.
The quantum computer's qubits can do many operations at once thanks to superposition, which makes them quicker than traditional computers.

Quantum Computer Simulator (QSim): the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) released the Quantum Computer Simulator (QSim) Toolkit with the goal of doing quantum computing research in a practical and affordable way.
National Mission for Quantum Technology and Applications (NM-QTA): The mission intends to concentrate on fundamental science, translation, technological development, human and infrastructural resource generation, innovation, and start-ups to address issues of national concern.
Quantum Communication Lab (QCL) by the Centre for Development of Telematics (C-DOT): QCL is a Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) system developed locally by C-DOT that supports a distance of more than 100 kilometres over regular optical fibre.

Gaps in policy: India's loosely constructed quantum ecosystem lacks clearly defined benchmarks to evaluate the results of its quantum endeavours. For instance, the absence of policies with clear objectives.
Raising Funds: Due to low venture capital investment, Indian quantum computing businesses struggle to raise money for product development and scaling. For instance, the budgeted R&D expenditure is under 1%.
Lack of talent: Compared to China or the US, India has a smaller pool of academics, businesspeople, and industry professionals. Think of the brain drain issue or the poor infrastructure and research facilities.
Poor infrastructure: India struggles to manufacture hardware and still imports essential quantum components. Additionally, there are not enough semiconductor chips, computers, fabrication laboratories, or superconducting materials in India.

To transition from being an importer of quantum technology to an exporter, revise the objectives, structures, and deliverables of Indian technology policy.
fostering innovation, entrepreneurship, university courses, and quantum technology training programmes to develop the knowledge ecosystem.
Create metrics to evaluate the strategy's and the action plan's short- and long-term success.
a mechanism for tracking the development of efforts in quantum-enabled science and technology.
a push for the semiconductor industry as well as an expansion of the investor ecosystem to increase the manufacture of the quantum computer's hardware components.