India Considers Russia’s SWIFT Alternative for Rupee-Rouble Trade

1. In September 2024, Russia has suggested using its own Financial Messaging System, System for Transfer of Financial Messages (SPFS), as an alternative to SWIFT to streamline Rupee-Rouble trade settlements with India.

1. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has reviewed the proposal and concluded that it is “doable.” Despite this assessment, discussions are ongoing, and a final decision is pending.

Key Points

1. Diplomatic Context: The proposal follows a recent meeting between Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Russian President Vladimir Putin in Moscow.

1. Both leaders agreed to advance trade settlements in their national currencies and explore digital financial tools to support these exchanges.

2.  Senior officials from the RBI, public sector banks, and their Russian counterparts have held discussions on adopting the proposed messaging system.

2. SWIFT Ban: Major Russian banks are prohibited from using SWIFT due to Western sanctions imposed following Russia’s Ukraine conflict, ongoing since February 2022.
3. Russia’s Request: Russia is seeking to engage significant trading partners, including India and other BRICS nations, in adopting its messaging system to maintain international transaction flow despite SWIFT restrictions.
4. System Functionality: Russia’s system ensures continuous financial message exchanges among network members, similar to SWIFT, though onboarding new participants may require time.
5. Trade Statistics: India-Russia trade totalled $65 billion in 2023-24, largely driven by India’s oil imports from Russia, with a target of $100 billion by 2030.
6. Currency Settlement Goals: Both countries are exploring a settlement mechanism in their national currencies, aiming to reduce dependency on the US dollar.

1.  This would involve direct rupee-rouble exchange rates without referencing the dollar.

What is SWIFT?

1. The SWIFT (Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication) network is a global, secure messaging system that enables financial institutions to exchange information about transactions reliably.
2. Founded: 1973, in Belgium.
3. Purpose: SWIFT facilitates secure, standardized communication between financial institutions, allowing them to send and receive transaction information with high reliability and security.
4. Members: Over 11,000 financial institutions in more than 200 countries use SWIFT.

How SWIFT Works

1. Message Types: SWIFT offers a standardized format for a variety of financial messages, such as - Payment instructions, Trade confirmations, Securities transactions, Treasury operations
2. Network Role: SWIFT itself does not move funds but sends payment orders between institutions’ accounts using a unique SWIFT code or Bank Identifier Code (BIC).
3. Security: Known for its high-security standards, SWIFT ensures the safe exchange of sensitive financial information.

Importance of SWIFT

1. Global Standard: SWIFT is the recognized standard for international financial transactions, forming a backbone of the global banking system.
2. Efficiency: It enables fast, secure, and error-free communication between banks, significantly lowering fraud and errors in cross-border transactions.
3. Sanctions Tool: SWIFT’s central role in finance makes it a tool for enforcing sanctions. When a country or institution is cut off from SWIFT, it faces major obstacles in international trade and finance, making SWIFT access critical for global economic participation.

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