CSIR-IICT Scientists Identify Microalgae as A Potential Protein Supplement

Microalgae, as opposed to macroscopic algae, are microscopic algal species. They are primarily unicellular organisms, although some form colonies with larger structures through complex associations.

1. Depending on the species, their sizes can range from a few micrometers to a few hundred micrometers.

Characteristics of Microalgae:

1. Size: Microalgae are microscopic, ranging from a few micrometers to a few hundred micrometers in size.
2. Structure: Microalgae are mostly unicellular, but some form colonies with larger structures through complex associations.
3. Roots, Stems, and Leaves: Unlike higher plants, microalgae do not have roots, stems, or leaves.
4. Photosynthesis: Microalgae are mostly photosynthetic, utilizing photosynthetic pigments to conduct photosynthesis.
5. Habitat: They are found in a variety of aquatic habitats, from freshwater to brackish, marine, and hypersaline environments.
6. Examples: Green algae, diatoms, and dinoflagellates are examples of unicellular algal species.

Importance of Microalgae:

1. Primary Producers: Microalgae play a role in ecosystems as primary producers, converting sunlight into energy and producing organic matter through photosynthesis.
2. Aquatic Food Webs: Their adaptability and diverse taxonomy make them a crucial component of aquatic food webs, supporting various organisms and influencing nutrient cycling.
3. Nutritional Value: Microalgae are a rich source of lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and pigments with nutritional and health benefits.

Commonly Consumed Microalgae:

1. Spirulina and Chlorella: Spirulina and Chlorella are 2 types of microalgae often consumed as dietary supplements due to their nutritional value.
2. Oxygen Production: Through photosynthesis, microalgae release oxygen as a byproduct, contributing to the oxygen content of the environment.
3. Symbiotic Relationships: Some microalgae form symbiotic relationships with other organisms, such as living within the tissues of corals (zooxanthellae) and providing them with nutrients through photosynthesis.
4. Nitrogen Fixation: Certain microalgae, like Nostoc, Anabaena, and Oscillatoria, are capable of fixing nitrogen.

 

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