1. ISRO's New Spaceport and Dogleg Maneuvers in Satellite Launches
2. ISRO is developing a new spaceport at Kulasekharapatnam, Tamil Nadu.
3. Location offers strategic advantage for launching satellites into polar orbits.
   1. Polar orbits are often used for satellites conducting Earth observation and remote sensing.

How India’s 2nd launchpad offers a straight route to space

1. Dogleg Maneuver: A sharp trajectory change during satellite launch to avoid flying over certain areas or prevent debris from falling in populated zones.
   1. Historical example: Space Shuttle Atlantis (STS-36 mission) performed a dogleg maneuver.

2. Fuel Efficiency: Dogleg maneuvers consume extra fuel, posing challenges for smaller rockets (like SSLVs) designed for smaller payloads.
3. Kulasekharapatnam Advantage: Direct southward launches possible with no need for dogleg maneuvers, improving payload capacity for small rockets.

ISRO's Initiatives

1. Second Spaceport: Kulasekharapatnam will be dedicated to Small Satellite Launch Vehicles (SSLVs)
2. Project Cost: Estimated at Rs 950 crore.
3. Land Acquisition: 2,300 acres of land was identified in 3 villages.
4. IN-SPACe: Established to promote private sector involvement in space activities.

Significance

1. Enhances India's capabilities for launching small satellites into polar orbits.
2. Potential cost savings and increased efficiency due to streamlined trajectories.
3. Encourages private sector innovation and investment in the space industry.

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